1. Gaseous State

Molecular velocity of gases, mean free path and collision diameter,
liquefaction of gases, Joule-Thomson effect in ideal and non-ideal gases,
Joule-Thomson coefficient, inversion temperature, deviation from ideal
gas behaviour, van der Waals equation of state, law of corresponding
states, critical constants and their relations with van der Waals constants.

2. Liquid State

Surface tension, effect of temperature on surface tension, viscosity,
effect of temperature and pressure on viscosity.

3. Solid State

Symmetry in crystal systems, Miller indices, Bragg’s Equation,
close packing, coordination number, structure of NaCl and CaF₂,
crystal-defects.

4. Thermodynamics

First law of thermodynamics and its limitations, enthalpies of a system,
heat of reaction, formation, combustion and neutralization.
Hess’s law and its application, bond energy and resonance energy,
heat capacities at constant volume and constant pressure, relationship
between C_p and C_v, extensive and intensive properties.

Statement of second law of thermodynamics, Carnot cycle, concept of entropy,
variation of entropy with temperature and volume/pressure, concept of
free energy: Helmholtz and Gibbs free energies, Gibbs-Helmholtz equation,
thermodynamic criteria of equilibrium, Clapeyron-Clausius equation and
its application, chemical potential and variation of chemical potential
with temperature and pressure, van’t Hoff equation and Gibbs-Duhem equation.

5. Dilute Solution

Ideal and non-ideal solutions, Raoult’s Law, colligative properties
(thermodynamic treatment), lowering of vapour pressure, osmotic pressure,
elevation of boiling point and depression of freezing point in solution,
abnormal colligative properties, molecular weight determination by
colligative properties.

6. Surface Phenomenon

Physical and chemical adsorption, Freundlich adsorption isotherm,
Langmuir state, Gold-number, Hardy-Schulze rule, stability of colloids,
zeta potential.

7. Chemical Kinetics

Molecularity and order of reaction, rate of reaction, zero first,
second and third order reactions and their determination, effect of
temperature on reaction velocity, energy of activation, kinetic molecular
theory of reaction rates, catalysis, criteria of catalysis, theories of
catalysis, enzyme catalysis, primary salt effect in ionic reactions.

8. Chemical Equilibrium

Law of mass action and its application to homogeneous and heterogeneous
equilibria, relationship between K_p and K_c,
Le Chatelier principle and its application to chemical equilibrium,
degree of dissociation and abnormal molecular weight, hydrolysis of salts,
Bronsted & Lewis acid and base, pH, buffer solution, solubility and
solubility product of sparingly soluble salts.

9. Electrochemistry

Electrolytic conductance—equivalent, specific and molar conductances,
variation of conductances with dilution of solutions, Kohlrausch’s law
of independent migration of ions, factors affecting the conductances,
types of single electrode and their potentials, EMF of the cell,
conductometric and potentiometric titrations, Nernst equation.

EMF and equilibrium constant, concept of concentration cell with and
without transference, liquid junction potential, chemical cells without
transference, fuel cells.

The electrical double layer, electrokinetic phenomena, quantitative
treatment of electro-osmosis, electrophoresis and streaming potential.

1. Atomic Structure

Dual nature of particle, Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle,
Schrödinger’s wave equation for atomic orbitals, quantum numbers,
shapes of s, p, d orbitals, Aufbau principle and Pauli’s exclusion
principle, Hund’s law, electronic configuration of elements,
modern periodic table, periodic properties of the elements and
their variation in periodic table.

Chemical bond—ionic bond, lattice energy, Born-Haber cycle,
solvation energy, covalent bond (Fajan’s rule), bond order,
energy level diagram of homonuclear and heteronuclear molecules,
hybridisation and shapes of inorganic molecules and ions,
valence shell electron pair repulsion theory and its application,
stability of nucleus, mass defect and nuclear binding energy,
radioactivity, nuclear reactions—fusion and fission, carbon dating.

2. s-Block Elements

Chemistry of lithium and beryllium, abnormal behavior and diagonal
relationship, polyether complexes of alkali and alkaline earth metals.

3. p-Block Elements

Chemical reactivity of elements in group, inert pair effect,
structure of their hydrides and halides, oxyacids of N, P, S and
halogens, interhalogens, inorganic polymers: polyphosphazenes,
thiazyl, boranes and silicates.

4. d-Block Elements

General characteristics—variable oxidation state, complex formation,
magnetic properties, colour and catalytic properties.

Coordination Compounds

Coordination compounds—nomenclature, stereochemistry of metal complex
and isomerisation, effective atomic number and valence bond theory,
crystal field theory, crystal field splitting in tetrahedral and
octahedral complexes, crystal field stabilisation energy, substitution
reaction in square planar complexes, electronic orbital energy level
diagram for d¹ and d⁹ states.

Electronic orbital energy level diagrams in tetrahedral and octahedral
complexes.

Organometallic Chemistry

Definition, nomenclature and classification of organometallic compounds;
hapticity and polarity of metal carbon bond.

Bioinorganic Chemistry

Structure and function of myoglobin, hemoglobin, chlorophyll and
cyano cobalamine; zinc enzymes, carboxypeptidase and carbonic anhydrase.

f-Block Elements

Electronic structure, lanthanide contraction and its consequences,
magnetic and spectral properties and their differences from transition
metals, ion exchange and solvent extraction methods of separation of
lanthanides, chemistry of actinides.

Kinetics and mechanism of substitution reaction in octahedral Co(II)
and square planar Pt(II) complexes.

1. Organic Chemistry – Some Basic Principles & Techniques

(a) Classification of Organic Compounds

Classification of organic compounds.

(b) IUPAC Nomenclature of Organic Compounds

IUPAC nomenclature of organic compounds.

(c) Types of Organic Reaction

Types of organic reaction.

(d) Mechanism of Organic Reaction

Homolytic & heterolytic fission of covalent bond, generation and
stability of carbocations, carbanions, free radicals and benzyne.

(e) Electronic Displacements in Covalent Bond

Inductive effect, electromeric effect, resonance, hyperconjugation.

(f) Reaction Mechanism of Following General Reactions

1. SN₁ and SN₂ reactions
2. E₁, E₂ and E_1cB reaction
3. Electrophilic addition of alkenes
4. Nucleophilic addition of carbonyl compounds
5. Acyl substitution reaction of acid derivatives
6. Electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction

(g) Estimation of Elements

Estimation of elements in organic compound.

2. Isomerism

Structural & stereo Isomerism, (Geometrical & optical Isomerism),
Tautomerism, conformation.

3. Hydrocarbon

(a) Aliphatic Hydrocarbon

General methods of preparation, chemical properties of Alkane,
Alkene & Alkynes, location of double bonds by ozonolysis of Alkene.

(b) Aromatic Hydrocarbon

Aromaticity of benzenoid and non-benzenoid compound and ions.

Mechanism of electrophilic substitution—nitration, sulphonation,
halogenations, Friedel-Craft’s Alkylation & Acylation, Directive
Influence of groups in mono substituted benzene, Carcinogenicity &
Toxicity chemistry of toluene.

(c) Derivatives of Benzene

Preparation & chemical properties of Phenol, Aniline, Anisole,
Benzaldehyde & Benzoic Acid.

4. Haloalkanes

General methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties,
preparation and properties of chloroform and iodoform, Freon.

5. Alcohols

Classification, general methods of preparation, physical & chemical
properties, mechanism of dehydration of Alcohol, Denatured spirit,
power alcohol, Absolute Alcohol, fermentation of alcohol, properties
of Glycerol.

6. Aldehyde & Ketones

General methods of preparation, Physical & chemical properties,
nucleophilic addition of aldehydes and ketones with carbon, nitrogen,
oxygen and sulphur nucleophiles.

7. Ether

General methods of preparation of ether, physical & chemical
properties of Ether & uses.

8. Carboxylic Acid and their Derivatives

General methods of preparation, physical and properties, influence of
substituent group on acidic nature of carboxylic acid, general methods
of preparation & properties of acid, halide, ester, amide & anhydride.

9. Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen

(a) Amines

Classification, general methods of preparation & properties,
basicity of aliphatic amines and substituted anilines.
Distinction between primary, second and tertiary amines.

(b)